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發表於 2006-2-8 12:08 PM
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Here's an argument structure I'd use for the essay (A, B, C & D) and some of the links and reference. Hope it helps.8 v5 I4 g& {: u- s" E6 t$ u0 t( Z. J( _
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(A) DEFINITION: / U x5 v. J7 M+ c' P
If we define Knowing based on a dictionary in Answers.com that includes:
& f2 Q+ p0 L* \. |# n) _, J· Possessing knowledge, information, or understanding
1 n2 a' W" {6 M· Showing clever awareness and resourcefulness 1 X6 H8 W$ ]! U( d% k0 ?
+ P% N$ q' {2 Q; |$ K+ o% K(B)PRO:; A+ E d) v% _
This is what artificial intelligence is aiming to achieved and have demonstrated their achievements:
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”.. Exactly what the computer provides is the ability not to be rigid and unthinking but, rather, to behave conditionally. That is what it means to apply knowledge to action: It means to let the action taken reflect knowledge of the situation, to be sometimes this way, sometimes that, as appropriate. . . . In sum, technology can be controlled especially if it is saturated with intelligence to watch over how it goes, to keep accounts, to prevent errors, and to provide wisdom to each decision. -Allen Newell, from Fairy Tales “ - a quote from a web page http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/overview.html# r1 a, U* y! Q" W* C' v8 H( f% a' q
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8 t) P" N6 {$ P* v7 ?# Z- "Many people think of artificial intelligence (AI) as a high-flying 1980s tech concept that crashed and burned back in the early 1990s after a good deal of hype. The fact is, AI technology has become pervasive in much of the software we use today. Take the word processor. Start to write a memo, and your word processor will try to decide which words you really mean to type, and which icons to hide because you rarely use them. Or do an online search, and notice the ads that the search engine displays based on the topics it decides must interest you. 'The big picture is that AI is almost everywhere, but we don't call it such,...'”
% }& y) o0 ~" ~from (http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/applications.html)$ J. b; l- }' W$ q
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But currently there are limits on the achievements of AI at current time.
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“To date, all the traits of human intelligence have not been captured and applied together to spawn an intelligent artificial creature. Currently, Artificial Intelligence rather seems to focus on lucrative domain specific applications, which do not necessarily require the full extent of AI capabilities. This limit of machine intelligence is known to researchers as narrow intelligence. i( U0 H0 M4 b4 P ^
There is little doubt among the community that artificial machines will be capable of intelligent thought in the near future. It's just a question of what and when... The machines may be pure silicon, quantum computers or hybrid combinations of manufactured components and neural tissue. As for the date, expect great things to happen within this century!”- N) G' S( {. o+ x; `
from http://ai-depot.com/Intro.html8 M8 ]- W+ w7 ?" F1 j4 v5 t
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(D) CONCLUSON... |
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