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發表於 2006-10-20 12:48 AM
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Modus ponendo ponens
% R! B3 Y% r0 ^9 V W( z2 i$ Z, p; [P --> Q, 因為 P 所以 Q
8 F3 y. E) d7 W: W- a" J( L$ T5 f8 \0 @5 t+ {! d
Modus tollendo tollens% Z# Y) E) F# G( z7 v$ _$ I7 N
P --> Q, 取得 ~P 所以 ~Q
2 X+ P* o! t4 A; S: ~( ^% s3 S
7 y. V4 E& k5 HDisjunctive syllogism
) ~* U) f8 }, f( KP or Q, 取得 ~P 所以 Q
$ M. j. j) D' A9 v7 x7 d' lP or Q, 取得 ~Q 所以 P
" u4 z! x+ z, T' I8 Y; X
2 n$ Q# T/ {9 L- X% f& d6 BConjunctive syllogism
. T; Y4 v3 Z2 y7 ^: E" W" l( x~(P & Q), 取得 P 所以 ~Q
( k& L# _# H) M6 X3 c+ G0 ]~(P & Q), 取得 Q 所以 ~P
" d8 N8 H1 p6 F% A; ^1 I; {% `1 k& l4 [
Hypothetical syllogism2 U; b8 O7 M2 Z0 h y
P --> Q, 取得 Q --> R 所以 P --> R) |3 [, p0 X; x" ~& v# ~' W& q
! P% Y' L4 D5 ]
De Morgan's theorem
6 K; }& Y- {: k3 B- Z, `/ v. U* Y1 @/ q~(P & Q) 所以 ~P or ~Q% H8 k" c! N* R9 `& ]/ C3 ]. Z9 J
~(P or Q) 所以 ~P & ~Q |
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